Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy at a university hospital: retrospective analysis of success and complication rates.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the success and complication rates of ultrasound-guided renal biopsy at a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 97 ultrasound-guided renal biopsies, all performed by the same radiologist, between 1 March, 2017 and 31 October, 2019. RESULTS: Of the 97 biopsies evaluated, 87 had a definitive pathological diagnosis. In five cases (5.4%), the biopsy results were inconclusive and a second procedure was required. In seven procedures (7.6%), there were complications, all of which were properly resolved. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy has proven to be a safe, effective method for the diagnosis of nephropathies, with high success rates.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar taxas de sucesso e de complicações de biópsias renais guiadas por ultrassonografia em um hospital terciário. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva de 97 biópsias renais realizadas entre 1º de março de 2017 e 31 de outubro de 2019, guiadas por ultrassonografia e executadas por um único médico radiologista. RESULTADOS: Oitenta e sete biópsias apresentaram diagnóstico anatomopatológico definitivo. Cinco biópsias foram inconclusivas (5,4%) e precisaram de um segundo procedimento. Houve complicações em sete procedimentos (7,6%), todas devidamente solucionadas. CONCLUSÃO: A biópsia renal guiada por ultrassonografia demonstrou ser um método efetivo e seguro para o diagnóstico de nefropatias, com elevada taxa de sucesso em sua execução.

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy at a university hospital: retrospective analysis of success and complication rates / Biópsia renal percutânea guiada por ultrassonografia: análise retrospectiva de sucesso e complicações em um hospital universitário

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the success and complication rates of ultrasound-guided renal biopsy at a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 97 ultrasound-guided renal biopsies, all performed by the same radiologist, between 1 March, 2017 and 31 October, 2019. Results: Of the 97 biopsies evaluated, 87 had a definitive pathological diagnosis. In five cases (5.4%), the biopsy results were inconclusive and a second procedure was required. In seven procedures (7.6%), there were complications, all of which were properly resolved. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy has proven to be a safe, effective method for the diagnosis of nephropathies, with high success rates.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar taxas de sucesso e de complicações de biópsias renais guiadas por ultrassonografia em um hospital terciário. Materiais e Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 97 biópsias renais realizadas entre 1º de março de 2017 e 31 de outubro de 2019, guiadas por ultrassonografia e executadas por um único médico radiologista. Resultados: Oitenta e sete biópsias apresentaram diagnóstico anatomopatológico definitivo. Cinco biópsias foram inconclusivas (5,4%) e precisaram de um segundo procedimento. Houve complicações em sete procedimentos (7,6%), todas devidamente solucionadas. Conclusão: A biópsia renal guiada por ultrassonografia demonstrou ser um método efetivo e seguro para o diagnóstico de nefropatias, com elevada taxa de sucesso em sua execução.

The NOD2 receptor is crucial for immune responses towards New World Leishmania species.

American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis is a chronic infection caused by Leishmania protozoan. It is not known whether genetic variances in NOD-like receptor (NLR) family members influence the immune response towards Leishmania parasites and modulate intracellular killing. Using functional genomics, we investigated whether genetic variants in NOD1 or NOD2 influence the production of cytokines by human PBMCs exposed to Leishmania. In addition, we examined whether recognition of Leishmania by NOD2 contributes to intracellular killing. Polymorphisms in the NOD2 gene decreased monocyte- and lymphocyte-derived cytokine production after stimulation with L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis compared to individuals with a functional NOD2 receptor. The phagolysosome formation is important for Leishmania-induced cytokine production and upregulation of NOD2 mRNA expression. NOD2 is crucial to control intracellular infection caused by Leishmania spp. NOD2 receptor is important for Leishmania recognition, the control of intracellular killing, and the induction of innate and adaptive immune responses.

Discutindo sexualidade/IST no contexto escolar: práticas de professores de escolas públicas / Discussing sexuality/STI in the school context: public school teacher's practices / Discutiendo sexualidad/IST en el contexto escolar: prácticas de docentes de escuelas públicas

Objetivo: conhecer práticas de educadores para trabalhar educação sexual com adolescentes em escolas públicas. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com 103 docentes de 15 escolas da rede pública estadual e municipal de ensino de Petrolina/PE, Brasil, a partir de roteiro estruturado. Os dados foram transferidos para o programa estatístico Epi Info e analisados a partir de tabelas. Resultados: a maioria dos docentes não havia sido capacitada para tal finalidade e, por este motivo, não se considerava apta para trabalhar sexualidade e IST com o público adolescente, embora afirmasse que todas as disciplinas deveriam fazê-lo. A presença de profissionais de saúde na escola não era frequente, como também a abordagem dos assuntos citados. Conclusão: os profissionais da educação não estão, de fato, preparados para lidar com os temas apresentados, uma vez que praticamente não os utilizavam no cotidiano escolar, principalmente, pela falta de capacitações para tal. Urge que atividades de educação permanente sejam desenvolvidas, contribuindo possivelmente para a diminuição dos altos índices das IST.(AU)

Objective: to get to know educators practices to work with teenagers, sex education in public schools. Method: a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed with 103 teachers from 15 schools in the state and municipal public schools in Petrolina/PE, Brazil, from structured script. The data was transferred to the Epi Info statistical program and analyzed from tables. Results: most of the teachers had not been trained for this purpose and, therefore, did not consider themselves able to work sexuality and STIs and teen audiences, although claimed that all subjects should do it. The presence of health professionals in school were not frequent, but also the approach of the aforementioned issues. Conclusion: education professionals are not, in fact, prepared to deal with the issues presented, since they hardly used them in everyday school life, especially the lack of training for it. Urges continuing education activities are developed, possibly contributing to the reduction of high rates of STIs. Descriptors: Sex Education; Faculty; Adolescent.(AU)

Objetivo: conocer las prácticas docentes para trabajar educación sexual con adolescentes en las escuelas públicas. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo, enfoque cuantitativo, desarrollado con 103 docentes de 15 escuelas públicas y municipales de enseñanza de Petrolina/PE, Brasil a partir de guión de escritura estructurada. Los datos fueron transferidos para el programa estadístico Epi Info con análisis hechas a partir de tablas. Resultados: la mayoría de los maestros no había sido capacitada para eso y por esta razón no se consideraba apta para trabajar la sexualidad e ITS con público adolescente, aunque afirmara que todas las materias deberían hacerlo. La presencia de profesionales de la salud en la escuela no era frecuente, así como también había el abordaje de asuntos citados. Conclusión: los profesionales de la educación no están, de hecho, preparados para hacer tratar de los temas presentados, puesto que no lo utilizan en el cotidiano escolar, especialmente por la falta de capacitaciones para tal. Urge que las actividades de educación permanentes sean desarrolladas, contribuyendo posiblemente para reducir las altas tasas de ITS.(AU)

Medullar expression of type-A natriuretic peptide receptor in an animal model of hypertension induced by renal mass ablation.

INTRODUCTION: The biological activity of the natriuretic peptide (NP) system is dependent on the balance between NP tissue levels and the local expression of their receptors. In the kidney, the natriuretic peptide receptor type A (NPR-A) is the principal receptor mediating NP activity and is mainly expressed in the renal medulla. An increase in circulating NP levels is well documented in chronic renal failure (CRF); however, the renal expression of NPR-A has not been evaluated in this condition. METHODS: Wistar-Han rats were submitted to right nephrectomy plus ablation of both poles of the left kidney (3/4nx; n=27) or were sham operated (Sham; n=22) and followed for up to 26 weeks post surgery. Blood pressure measurements were performed weekly. Two, 10 and 26 weeks after surgery, renal sodium and creatinine excretion were evaluated and the kidneys removed for NPR-A mRNA quantification by real-time PCR. The results of mRNA quantification are expressed in arbitrary units (AU) set as the mean value of the Sham group (Sham=1 AU), after normalization for GAPDH (p<0.05). weeks after surgery) and in elevated fractional sodium excretion (+270%, 26 weeks after surgery). Although sodium intake was similar in 3/4nx and Sham rats, blood pressure was higher in 3/4nx rats and increased progressively throughout the study. This was accompanied by a marked decrease in NPR-A mRNA levels in the renal medulla from 3/4nx animals at 2, 10 and 26 weeks post surgery. CONCLUSION: In 3/4nx rats, the expression of NPR-A in the renal medulla of the remnant kidney is markedly reduced from 2 weeks up to 26 weeks post surgery. It is suggested that this may contribute to the progressive increase in blood pressure, as well as to the renal fibrosis observed in 3/4nx rats.